If we add up all the vineyard areas, both from controlled and non-controlled origins, Castilla-La Mancha represents the largest area of vines in Europe. Located south of Madrid, the plateau has become famous not only for its wine but also for a world-class literary figure: Don Quixote of La Mancha, created by Miguel de Cervantes. The Moors called the land "La Manxa", and that hits the nail on the head.
In the plain, which lies at an altitude of 600 to 800 meters above sea level, there is hardly any rain, the summers are very hot and the winters are bitterly cold. The differences between day and night temperatures are also considerable. Because of the great heat, the vines are left relatively far apart, so yields are low, barely exceeding 20 to 25 hectoliters per hectare. In the past the harvest was relatively late and the must was fermented without any cooling in large earthen vessels called tinajas. This procedure corresponded to a wine with a high alcohol content, very traditional and rustic. Much wine was also distilled into alcohol.
Since the 1990s however, there has been a jolt through this landscape. Modern and dedicated winemakers recognise that there is certain ageing potential in this region, and vineyards and cellar technology are being brought up to date. Some remarkable wines already bear witness to this development, such as those of Alejandro Fernandez.
The largest vineyard area is still dominated by the white wine variety Airén, the largest share of which goes into the production of Brandy de Jerez. The wine is rather plain and neutral. Interesting red wines are produced from the Tempranillo, here called Cencibel. International varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Merlot now also produce highly remarkable results.
